A nivel nacional e internacional los desembarques de pesca se han incrementado cuantiosamente en los últimos decenios generando el colapso de diversas pesquerías. Los testimonios de los miembros de la comunidad de pescadores artesanales de la V región son uno de los ejemplos concretos de este proceso. Se argumentó que estas crisis eran provocadas por la “Tragedia de los Comunes” y que era necesario establecer Cuotas Individuales Transferibles (CIT) para asegurar los derechos de propiedad. La versión nacional, con la ley (...) 19.713, estableció la privatización del acceso a la pesca con los Límites Máximos de Captura por Armador (LMCA), para el sector industrial, y, posteriormente, con la ley 19.849, los Regímenes Artesanales de Extracción (RAE), para el sector artesanal. El 2012 vencen estas leyes y los pescadores artesanales deberían tener un rol significativo en la determinación de la nueva administración pesquera, por cuanto ellos, al depender de los ecosistemas marinos para su subsistencia, tienen genuino interés en la sustentablidad del manejo pesquero. (shrink)

Este artículo discute el comentario de Alejandro a Aristóteles, Metafísica V.8 1017b23-26. Allí Aristóteles sostiene que la sustancia se dice de dos maneras: (i) el sustrato último, y (ii) la estructura y la forma de cada cosa. En cuanto al primer significado, el comentador apropiadamente pone énfasis en el hecho de que hay una perfecta biunivocidad entre ser sustancia y ser sustrato. Esta biunivocidad, sugiere Abbate, puede verse en las tres entidades que, según el mismo Aristóteles, desde las Categorías –una (...) fórmula reescrita por Alejandro que puede llamarse, en orden creciente, materia, compuesto y forma. De hecho, tales entidades muestran cómo ser el sustrato último significa no ser predicado de nada, un carácter que la forma se realiza por completo cuando es absolutamente inmaterial, en la medida en que no está constituida por referencia de una cosa a otra, menos aún cuál es su sustrato, esto es, la forma como esencia. En cuanto al segundo significado, el comentador parece individualizar tres acepciones diferentes, según las cuales la forma puede llamarse 1) solamente puede ser tal como una forma natural que es inmanente a los cuerpos; 2) como simplemente separada, en un sentido pasivo, de la materia la que se encuentra constitutivamente vinculada. Ésta es la razón por la cual no puede subsistir separadamente, si no virtualmente; como una forma eterna de los cuerpos divinos, no subsistente en relación a cualquier sustrato. De acuerdo con la última acepción, la forma como un motor divino indica una separación completa: tanto la individualidad de una sustancia primera como la trascendencia como una forma pura en acto. Es una sustancia suprasensible, que está separada tanto como el primer motor. Abbate concluye argumentando que Alejandro, por ende, nos autoriza a pensar que el primer carácter, esto es, el carácter que más que cualquier otro acepta la distinción entre aquello que es sustancia y todo lo que no es sustancia, si es cierto que las sustancias más elevadas, las inmateriales, se distinguen de las sustancias materiales en llevar al máximo cumplimiento este carácter. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Prolegomenon to the Homeric CentosM. D. UsherHomeric centos are poems made up entirely of verses lifted verbatim, or with only slight modification, from the Iliad and Odyssey. Only a few have survived antiquity. There exist three short Homeric centos in the Palatine Anthology (9.361, 381, 382; cf. Hunger 1978, 98–101), a ten–line cento about Herakles quoted by Irenaeus (Wilken 1967), and a seven– line cento grafitto inscribed on the (...) leg of a statue of Memnon in Egypt, which dates from the reign of Hadrian (Bernand 1960, 111–13; Bowie 1990, 65). There are also several cento–like incantations from the Greek Magical Papyri that use lines from Homer (Maltomini 1995). The only Homeric centos we possess in any quantity are the topic of this study. These originated with a Christian bishop named Patricius in the fourth century C.E., and were later expanded by Eudocia Athenaïs, wife of the emperor Theodosius II, in the early fifth.Eudocia's Homeric centos have long been neglected for lack of a complete and authoritative text. The responsibility for this situation rests with the otherwise eminent Homerist, Arthur Ludwich, whose Teubner edition of 1897, the only edition of the centos currently available, is based on a single, partially edited manuscript (Par. graec. suppl. 388: "Codex Mutinensis").1 Pessimism about establishing a reliable text and aesthetic disenchantment with the poem itself have hampered further study: according to Joseph Golega, for example, the Homeric centos are "weder des Druckes noch des Lesens wert" (Golega 1960, 1).Such an assessment lacks understanding and imagination. In his short study of 1979, Kurt Smolak called for a new edition of the centos in no uncertain terms, emphasizing the poem's great heuristic potential (49):Die Zentonen als spezielle Form der spätantiken Homerrezeption erwiesen sich als der Interpretation ihrer oft nicht anerkannten dichterischen Möglichkeiten durchaus zugänglich—dann sind sie doch wohl auch eine [End Page 305] Edition wert! Denn die frühbyzantinische Bibeldichtung kann dem Theologen, Komparatisten und sich auch dem Philologen ein wenig bebautes Arbeitsfeld eröffnen—sofern dieser sich nicht als Zensor im Namen einer klassizistischen Ästhetik versteht.The present study is offered as a prolegomenon to a new, complete edition of Eudocia's poem—a first installment on the larger interpretive program suggested by Smolak.2 It concerns my collation and transcription of a manuscript of the Homeric centos in the collection of the Iviron monastery on Mount Athos, Greece, which I inspected meis oculis in the summer of 1995.3 This hitherto unaccounted–for cento manuscript, datable on palaeographical grounds to the mid–fourteenth century, is one of a type used by Aldus Manutius for the editio princeps of the centos, published in Venice in 1502 (Renouard 1825, 57–62). Ludwich all but ignored Aldus' edition and the important revision of it published by Henricus Stephanus in 1578. His oversight was unfortunate, for the Iviron–Aldus–Stephanus recension of the centos (hereafter simply "Iviron," or "Iviron recension") is completely different from his, and as we shall see, better than his as well.Our investigation begins with the Aldine edition, the preface to which indicates that the text was transcribed and corrected for Aldus by Petrus Candidus, the son or perhaps nephew of Petrus Candidus Decembrius (1399–1477), papal secretary to Nicolas V. This younger Candidus belonged to the Benedictine order of the Camaldunensians, who were housed in the Venetian monastery of St. Michael Murianus. Following the preface of Candidus is a six–line elegiac poem on the centos composed by Scipio Fortiguerra, a member of the Aldine Academy who frequently collaborated with Aldus in preparing printed editions. We can safely infer, therefore, that both Candidus and Fortiguerra had a hand in the production of the editio princeps, and it is likely that the ms or mss they used were Venetian, or at least Italian (cf. Harris 1898, 25–26). That manuscript has yet to resurface, and may no longer exist, though it is possible that Iviron 4464 was once in Venice. The monastery obtained it, according to its librarian Father Theologos, from the personal library of [End Page 306] Maximos Margounios (1549–1602), bishop of Kythera, who... (shrink)

Blanchette and Dunbar have claimed that when participants are allowed to draw on their own source analogs in the service of analogical argumentation, retrieval is less constrained by surface similarity than traditional experiments suggest. In two studies, we adapted this production paradigm to control for the potentially distorting effects of analogy fabrication and uneven availability of close and distant sources in memory. Experiment 1 assessed whether participants were reminded of central episodes from popular movies while generating analogies for superficially similar (...) versus superficially dissimilar target situations. In Experiment 2, we modified this procedure to assess the retrieval of autobiographic memories, more familiar to participants than fictional episodes. Both studies revealed a strong effect of surface similarity on the retrieval of participants' own sources, thus suggesting that the superficial bias typically observed in experimental studies—and simulated by most computational models—does not originate in a lack of ecological validity. (shrink)

On 18th century Kant found the Swedenborg's writings, and then wrote an aggressive refutation titled "The dream of a visionary". But Kant did not understand the Swedenborg experience and theories really. Because his rationalism he was unable to do that. This paper analyse the Kant's argumentation and shows its weak points and his inadequacy.

Unlike many prophets and visionaries Swedenborg was a thorough theoretical thinker. This paper comment his experiences and theoretical point of view about the space of the visions.

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Game ChangeMaximo CortezOn November 17, 1983, I was born with a condition called mixed gonadal dysgenesis, and ambiguous genitalia. My gender was not of a big concern at that time. The more urgent matter was that I had a heart murmur, which was repaired when I was twelve months old. [End Page E5]It was not until I turned five, and by issue of the Texas Children’s Protective Services (CPS), (...) that my mother was forced to authorize providers to perform normalization surgeries on me. An anonymous caller tipped the CPS that my mother was raising a boy as a girl. The state intervened and explained to my mother that she would have to consent to these surgeries or else she would lose custody of me. This included a gonadectomy and a clitorectomy. Without any consent, these surgeries were performed “in my best interests.” My mother was an epileptic, Hispanic, Mormon, single parent.I was raised to be a socially acceptable female, though as early as five, I played with “boy” toys and enjoyed TV programs aimed at male youth, like Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. It was not until I had those normalization surgeries performed on me that I felt different. I knew that something major had happened to me. I woke up in a hospital bed in a gown. I raised the covers and noticed that I had an “X” carved in my groin area. Doctors mutilated my clitoris by reducing its size, which made me feel alienated and angry that something was wrong with my body.I had a surgery performed on me that was to be kept secret and never talked about. This sense of fear and shame was instilled in me shortly after the surgery. I do not recall any psychological evaluations or counseling to help me cope with such surgeries. Seeing everyone else my age going through puberty during my teenage years, I felt behind. I wasn’t becoming a boy with a deep voice or facial hair. Instead, I visited the doctor’s office with my mom and was told that I would be taking oral estrogen to become a woman. I wasn’t until that moment that I understood I was seeing a doctor to foster the development of female secondary characteristics. I felt betrayed by the medical community and by my own mother.Just a few years later, I saw a urologist to find out whether I was ready for a vaginal construction surgery (vaginoplasty). Thankfully the urologist suggested that I was not ready to move forward with an invasive and irreversible vaginal construction surgery. I never pursued it as an adult, as I have always felt male gendered.Social sexual relationships have always been difficult for me but more so with my attraction to women. I first realized my attraction to women in early middle school. Being raised Mexican and a Mormon and knowing that I was homosexual created a lot of conflict for me. I felt that I was a male–gendered person forced into a castrated, mutilated, and medically created female body. I suffered through depression from an early age and it continues today. My conservative Mormon upbringing brought me much shame. The Mormon religion, as most people understand it, expresses a great intolerance to homosexuals and transgender people. I felt like I was a heterosexual male in a female’s body, but the Mormons would never accept me.My later teenage years and mid–twenties were a dark time in my life. I even attempted suicide in my early twenties. My depression was treated with antidepressants and talk therapy. Once I began testosterone, I gradually stopped taking antidepressants. When I was only on estrogen, I felt very moody, angry, and in an emotional funk. I would cry easily and would become very irritable and emotional without cause. With testosterone therapy, I began to think more clearly, had balanced emotions, and began to think more logically.I began to research intersex online and found a women’s androgen insensitivity (AIS) support group. At one of their national conferences, I met another intersex individual who was raised as a female and who had transitioned to male. Like me... (shrink)

Because the full development of Internet this paper is old today. But in his time was an expression of disappointing about the cyber trends.

«La victoria del darwinismo ha sido tan completa que es un shock darse cuenta de cuan vacía es realmente la visión darwiniana de la vida». Esta rotunda frase no parece significar solamente la manifestación de una opinión personal. Pertenece a un editorial publicado en Nature y fïrmado por Henry Gee, uno de sus comentaristas sobre evolución. El motivo de que una revista científica de las más prestigiosas (que se pueden considerar como las mantenedoras de la ortodoxia), haga suyo ese comentario (...) es que las investigaciones más recientes (especialmente en el campo de la embriogénesis) han revelado unos fenómenos que han puesto de manifiesto su absoluta incompatibilidad con la teoría darwinista de la evolución. Las consecuencias de esto son obvias, y las precisa otro editorialista de Nature, Philip Ball, en un comentario sobre la secuenciación del Genoma humano: «Los biólogos van a tener que construir una nueva Biología». Tenemos por delante un duro y largo trabajo científico por realizar, pero también tenemos una tarea previa: depurar la Biología de la, tan arraigada, terminología darwinista, cargada de conceptos y prejuicios deformadores de los fenómenos biológicos. (shrink)

This article analyzes the challenges of education in the rural Andean context of Peru, highlighting the crucial role of the leadership of principals and teachers. To achieve this, an inductive qualitative documentary research approach was used, based on inquiries supported by hermeneutical analysis. Despite limitations in training in educational management and action, successful school leaders are distinguished by their concern for teachers' job satisfaction, generating high performance expectations, and promoting school achievements to the public. community. Teaching performance is essential in (...) this context, not only for imparting knowledge, but also for acting as a bridge between the educational institution and the community. Pedagogical processes, framed in directive leadership, are fundamental for teacher professional development and the improvement of learning. In addition, the importance of the active and effective participation of teachers in creating an environment of trust and collaborative learning is highlighted. (shrink)

Parte das concepções pseudocientíficas propagadas pela comunidade científica em seus principais periódicos, especialmente no início do século XX, tomaram alcance com os conceitos de Eugenia e Darwinismo Social, em que o cerne das discussões considerava as distinções de raça enquanto fenômeno biológico. O presente ensaio expõe a contribuição nefasta promovida pela renomada revista Nature, que, há até pouco tempo, indiretamente acabou por reforçar crenças e culturas racistas, como o apartheid, a colonização, o trabalho forçado e a escravidão, deixando uma marca (...) indelével em sua trajetória histórica. As discussões sobre a inferioridade de raças, povos e indivíduos não somente fomentaram o negacionismo, uma vez que careciam de evidências, de consenso e de ceticismo científico adequados, como foram utilizadas como uma camada de verniz científico para legitimar projetos colonialistas e expandir os interesses do grande capital à época. Esse texto assinala ainda que as estratégias adotadas pelo capitalismo para alcançar seu patamar atual de forma hegemônica de sociabilidade somente tiveram êxito devido à apropriação do conhecimento científico que forneceu os aperfeiçoamentos tecnológicos para a conquista de novas terras e povos e, por fim, o acúmulo de capitais. Em conclusão, destacam-se autores que defendem uma perspectiva do negacionismo atual enquanto fenômeno social, o qual mais se liga às consequências da negação do fato do que propriamente ao fato em si. Essa perspectiva amplia o debate em torno do negacionismo para além das ideias difundidas nas mídias sociais, situando-o numa dimensão em que é necessário discutir o impacto das mudanças propostas pela ciência na hegemonia de determinados setores e de países dominantes da economia global. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como objetivo expor e discutir as concepções de Gottlob Frege sobre os conceitos de “sentido” e “referência” e como, por meio destes, se deu a contribuição do filósofo ao que hoje chamamos filosofia da linguagem. Entretanto, vários estudiosos não consideram Frege um autêntico filósofo da linguagem, alguns de seus escritos representam, historicamente, enorme influência nesse ramo da filosofia contemporânea, pois tentam solucionar certos problemas da linguagem. Serão analisados principalmente o célebre artigo “Sobre Sentido e Referência” bem como (...) alguns de seus escritos que se ocupam, ainda que de modo secundário, sobre ambos os conceitos. (shrink)

The Unconscious in Neuroscience and Psychoanalysis presents a unique and provocative approach to the assimilation of these two disciplines while offering a thorough assessment of the Unconscious from a neuropsychoanalytic and Lacanian perspective. Marco Máximo Balzarini offers a comprehensive overview of Freud's theory of the unconscious and its importance within psychoanalysis, before looking to how it has been integrated into contemporary neuropsychoanalytic work. Paying close attention to the field-defining work of neuropsychoanalysts such as Mark Solms, Francois Ansermet and Pierre Magistretti, (...) Balzarini considers the dichotomy between neuroscience and psychoanalysis, and the omnipresent debate on if and how they should be integrated when working with the unconscious. Throughout, he provides a fascinating Lacanian interpretation, showing how the work of Lacan can offer a new way of developing the dialogue and understanding around this vital topic. Part of the Routledge Neuropsychoanalysis Series, this book will be of interest to any psychoanalyst seeking to explore the foundations of the relationship between neuropsychoanalytic and Lacanian ideas in their clinical and theoretical work. (shrink)

In two experiments on analogical hypothesis generation, we factorially manipulated the presence of domain and object similarities between a base situation and a target phenomenon, and assessed their effects on the transfer of the source’s explanatory structure before and after an indication to use the base analog as a source for analogical explanations. The absence of any kind of surface similarity led to very low rates of spontaneous transfer. In both experiments, however, either kind of surface similarity sufficed to enhance (...) the spontaneous transfer of the base explanation during the formulation of plausible hypotheses for the target. The transfer advantage of object and domain similarity cannot be attributed to the effect of these variables on post-access processes, since experimental conditions did not differ with regard to the ability to transfer the base explanation upon explicit request. The effect of domain similarity on spontaneous analogical explanation constitutes a relevant finding, especially given the lack of attention received by this dimension of similarity in behavioural studies and computer simulations of analogical retrieval. (shrink)

Este texto se propõe perspectivar a agência humana no entorno do ato de grafar, ou seja, trata das relações e suas tensões entre as percepções do real e de sua inscrição no tempo-espaço, com ênfase à escrita. Dimensiona essa questão circunscrevendo certa noção de um corpo em jogo no mundo, no qual nota e anota o que percebe, via uma Poética da Notação Esquizográfica. Passa, por conseguinte, a perspectivar tal noção de corpo a partir da ideia de um indivíduo que, (...) em Deleuze, é colocada em questão nos termos de um eu passível, ou um ante-eu, como condição para determinações diferenciais dos e nos encontros: sob esse ante-eu, todavia, se impõe um Eu pessoal. Um corpo é, então, considerado como composto por singularidades em movimentos contínuos, variações nas quais irrompem individuações – individualidades dotadas de forças pré-individuais inerentes aos corpos. O problema é colocado a partir da ideia, presente em Barthes, de que uma logosfera nos envolve, e que precisamos, portanto, sacudi-la, pois se trata de um dado do nosso sujeito centrado: pôr em jogo, assim, o que, em nossa individualidade, constitui o Eu pessoal, que condiciona os movimentos da representação, via recognição. Com efeito, é um jogo com a linguagem, tomando-a, com Deleuze e Guattari, como incorpóreos que se expressam dos corpos. Trata-se de ponderar que o mundo, após pensado, só pode ser perspectivado nesses termos, com o pensamento e a linguagem. Destarte, o jogo que propomos – e seus efeitos sobre a educação –é condicionado, com Baudrillard, por uma impostura radical, que passa a lidar com o real, via certa Poética da Notação Esquizográfica. Palavras-chave: Poética. Jogo. Corpo. Pensamento. Linguagem. (shrink)

The expression 'the criminal question' does not at present have much currency in English-language criminology. The term was carried across from Italian debates about the orientation of criminology, and in particular debates about what came to be called critical criminology. One definition offered early in the debate described it as 'an area constituted by actions, institutions, policies and discourses whose boundaries shift'. According to this writer, crime, and the cultural and symbolic significance carried by law and criminal justice, is an (...) integral aspect of the criminal question. 'The criminal question' draws attention to the specific location and constitution of a given field of forces, and the themes, issues, dilemmas and debates that compose it. At the same time it enables connections to be made between these embedded realities and the wider, conceivably global, contours of influence and flows of power with which it connects. This in turn raises many questions. How far do the responses to crime and punishment internationally flow from and owe their contemporary shape to the cultural and economic transformations now widely known as 'globalisation'? How can something that is in significant ways embedded, situated, and locally produced also travel? What is not in doubt is that it does travel - and travel with serious consequences. The international circulation of discourses and practices has become a pressing issue for scholars who try to understand their operation in their own particular cultural contexts. This collection of essays seeks a constructive comparative view of these tendencies to convergence and divergence. (shrink)

El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre los aspectos teórico-metodológicos para la evaluación de la calidad de vida de los pacientes que han sido rehabilitados con prótesis dentales. En primer lugar, se muestra la definición de calidad de vida que ha sido asumida en el trabajo; se contextualiza lacomprensión de calidad de vida en pacientes rehabilitados con prótesis dentales en segundo lugar, posteriormente se presentan algunos de los instrumentos y escalas de medición que están siendo utilizados (...) en la evaluación de la calidad en los procesos de la rehabilitación de pacientes con prótesis dentales;por último, se analiza el indicador satisfacción de los pacientes. The aim of this paper is to carry out a bibliographic review about the theoretical -methodological aspects to be included when assessing the quality of life of patients rehabilitated with dental prosthesis. In the first place, the concept of quality life stated in this paper is given, then, the understanding of the quality of life of patients rehabilitated with dental prosthesis is contextualized and later some of the instruments and measure scales used to assess the quality in the process of rehabilitation of patients with dental prosthesis are shown, and finally the index of patients satisfaction is analysed. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza la ética de gobierno como una cuestión de control horizontal entre los poderes del Estado. Dicha cuestión es abordada en términos del denominado control parlamentario, que en Argentina está condicionado por el poder del Presidente de la Nación de emitir decretos legislativos en casi todas las materias. Este poder de decreto es estudiado en relación a una polémica modificación de una la ley de vacunas aprobada por el Congreso Nacional en el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19.

CHAMELEON is a computational melodic harmonization assistant. It can harmonize a given melody according to a number of independent harmonic idioms or blends between idioms based on principles of conceptual blending theory. Thus, the system is capable of offering a wealth of possible solutions and viewpoints for melodic harmonization. This study investigates how human creativity may be influenced by the use of CHAMELEON in a melodic harmonization task. Professional and novice music composers participated in an experiment where they were asked (...) to harmonize two similar melodies under two different conditions: one with and one without computational support. A control group harmonized both melodies without computational assistance. The influence of the system was examined both behaviorally, by comparing metrics of user-experience, and in terms of the properties of the artifacts that were created between the two experimental conditions. Results suggest that appreciation of the system was expertise-dependent. At the same time, users seemed to adopt more explorative strategies as a result of interaction with CHAMELEON based on the fact that the harmonizations created this way were more complex, diverse, and unexpected in comparison to the ones of the control group. (shrink)

A main identifying factor of professions is professionals' willingness to comply with ethical and professional standards, often defined in a code of ethics and conduct. In a period of intense nursing mobility, if the public are aware that health professionals have committed themselves to the drawing up of a code of ethics and conduct, they will have more trust in the health professional they choose, especially if this person comes from another European Member State. The Code of Ethics and Conduct (...) for European Nursing is a programmatic document for the nursing profession constructed by the FEPI (European Federation of Nursing Regulators) according to Directive 2005/36/EC On recognition of professional qualifications , and Directive 2006/123/EC On services in the internal market, set out by the European Commission. This article describes the construction of the Code and gives an overview of some specific areas of importance. The main text of the Code is reproduced in Appendix 1. (shrink)

The scope of this article is to propose a reflection about the concept of citizenship presented by Aristotle in his work “Politics”, and which people were considered citizens then in comparison to nowadays. There is no intention to make a deep historical assessment about the particularities of each period of time, but analyse the characteristics which kept some groups inside of the political life and as well kept other groups away from it, in order to demonstrate how strong is the (...) maintenance of the estrangement between people who achieve everything is possible to, whereas other groups cannot achieve even what is deemed to be worthy by law. Keywords: citizenship; citizen; state; law; minorities; achievement. (shrink)

Perú es indiscutiblemente un país multilingüe, con 48 lenguas habladas en diferentes grados de uso y dominio. En Ayacucho, uno de los departamentos de Perú, se hablan tanto el quechua como el español, lo que resulta en un alto grado de bilingüismo en la población. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la estrategia de la gramática contrastiva quechua-castellano en los niveles fonológicos, morfológicos, sintácticos y semánticos en la población de Ayacucho. Para ello, se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo y se (...) utilizaron técnicas de entrevista y revisión documental. Los resultados indican que la gramática contrastiva entre el quechua y el castellano a nivel fonológico, morfológico, sintáctico y semántico es altamente efectiva para el aprendizaje tanto de la primera como de la segunda lengua. (shrink)

Trapp offers a new annotated translation of the philosophical orations of Maximus of Tyre. These orations cover a range of topics from Platonic theology to the proper attitude to pleasure. They open a window onto the second century's world of the Second Sophistic and Christian apologists, as well as on to that of the Florentine Platonists of the later fifteenth century who read, studied, and imitated the orations.

The study of the position of ἐγώ in the iambic trimeter of Greek Theatre has been added to with the data from comedy (Aristophanes and Menander) and conclusions have been drawn, comparing them with those from tragedy: Aeschylus and Sophocles, on the one hand, and Aristophanes and Menander, on the other, seem to be opposed in their tendencies.

A reprint, intended for student use. Despite the repudiation by some of the contributors of their articles after editing, the work as a whole has some value, and some of the pieces are distinguished.--V. C. C.

The article is devoted to the memory of Vyacheslav Semenovich Stepin and Nikita Nikolaevich Moiseev, whose multifaceted work was integrally focused on philosophical, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research of the key ideas and principles of universal human-dimensional evolutionism. Other remarkable Russian scientists V.I. Vernadsky, S.P. Kurdyumov, S.P. Kapitsa, D.S. Chernavsky worked in the same tradition of universal evolutionism. While V.I. Vernadsky and N.N. Moiseev had been the originators of that scientific approach, V.S. Stepin provided philosophical foundations for the ideas of those (...) remarkable scientists and thinkers. The scientific legacy of V.S. Stepin and N.N. Moiseev maintained the formation of a new quality of research into the philosophy of science and technology as well as into the philosophy of culture. This new quality is multidimensional and it is difficult to define unambiguously, but we presume the formation of those areas of philosophical knowledge as constructively oriented languages of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary co-participation of philosophy in the convergent-evolutionary development of scientific knowledge in general. In this regard, attention is paid to V.S. Stepin’s affirmations about non-classical nature of modern social and humanitarian knowledge. Quantum mechanics teaches us that the reality revealed through it is a hybrid construct, or symbiosis, of both mean and object of cognition. Therefore, the very act of cognitive observation constructs quantum reality. Thus, it is very close to the process of cognition in modern sociology and psychology. V.S. Stepin insisted that these principles are applicable to all complex selfdeveloping systems, and such are all “human-dimensional” objects of modern humanities. In all the phases of homeostasis changes, or crises, there is necessarily a share of chaos, instability, uncertainty in the selection process of future development scenarios, which is ineliminably affected by our observation. Therefore, a cognitive observer in the humanities should be considered as a concept of post-non-classical rationality, that is as an observer of complexity. (shrink)

Recenzio Kiraly V. Istvan Death and History c. konyverol.

Glava 1. Osmyslenie "ideala" russkim kosmizmom -- Glava 2. Analiz osnovnykh filosofsko-antropologicheskikh ideĭ v russkoĭ religioznoĭ filosofii -- Glava 3. Idei kosmizma v russkoĭ religioznoĭ filosofii -- Glava 4. V.I. Vernadskiĭ o sootnoshenii nauki, filosofii i religii -- Glava 5. Mifologicheskoe i nauchnoe v izuchenii obraza protopopa Avvakuma -- Glava 6. Ėkonomicheskoe razvitie i nravstvennai︠a︡ degradat︠s︡ii︠a︡ cheloveka i obshchestva v format︠s︡ionnom podkhode Karla Marksa i Fridrikha Ėngelʹsa.

O presente artigo apresenta o estado da questão sobre a tríade Filosofia da Ciência, Currículo e Formação de Professores, sendo parte de uma pesquisa em andamento realizada no Programa de pós-graduação-Mestrado em Educação que tem como objetivo compreender a importância da Filosofia da Ciência no currículo dos cursos de licenciatura na área de Ciências Naturais. A construção do estado da questão possibilita o mapeamento das pesquisas referentes ao nosso objeto de estudo, bem como desvela o conhecimento sobre como se encontra (...) o tema investigado no contexto atual das produções científicas. Foi realizado um levantamento de artigos nos periódicos com conceitos qualis de A1 a B2 no Portal da Capes, nas produções presentes no Banco Digital de Teses e Dissertações e nos trabalhos publicados na Associação Brasileira de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências, no intuito de identificar artigos, teses e dissertações referente a nossa temática. Os dados coletados foram organizados e analisados considerando os objetivos, o referencial teórico e a metodologia dos trabalhos encontrados. Os resultados demonstraram que a grande maioria dos trabalhos pertencem a região sul e sudeste, e que ainda são raras as pesquisas nesta área de estudo, principalmente no nordeste. Demonstraram também que às pesquisas tem como sujeitos professores, mas não professores-formadores e que as mesmas utilizam metodologias semelhantes com os mesmos instrumentos de coleta de dados, revelando-nos que o caminho escolhido para a realização do nosso estudo encontra-se afinado com aquilo que se tem pesquisado na área, mas também demonstrou o quanto esta pesquisa pode contribuir, pois lança um novo olhar sobre a temática, quando pensa sobre o professor formador e inova com o uso de uma metodologia ainda não utilizada nos trabalhos encontrados referentes a essa temática. Com isso o desenvolvimento da nossa pesquisa irá somar a produção de conhecimentos na área da filosofia da ciência articulada a formação docente, que ainda é pouco estudada, considerando o seu tempo de existência. Palavras-chave: Currículo. Formação docente. Filosofia da ciência. Ciências naturais. (shrink)

Review the Istvan Kiraly V.'s book: Death and History.

Throughout Christianity, its activities are in one way or another connected to the historical reality of its time. Usually, for different epochs, the strength of these bonds was different, but during the Middle Ages, they were significantly stronger than before and after. It is here that perhaps the most important moment was the rise of Christianity, which spread over a relatively short period of time almost throughout Europe. It was then - and never again in all its history - that (...) the Church was able to participate in the formation of all aspects of its contemporary life, in accordance with its spirit. When solving this task, it inevitably came in close contact with the "world" and the various forms in which it was represented. (shrink)